The January 10, 1997 Pozzano landslide, Sorrento Peninsula, Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Domenico Calcaterra  Antonio Santo 《Engineering Geology》2004,75(2):181-200

From 1997 to 1999, a huge number of slides, often turning into extremely rapid debris-earth flows, repeatedly affected the late Quaternary volcaniclastic deposits mantling the carbonate slopes of Campania region, Italy. The Sorrento Peninsula was the epicentral district of the 1997 regional slope-instability crisis. Some hundred shallow mass movements took place during January 1997 in this area. These were the last episode of a long series of slope failure events dating back to mid-18th century. Results from geological and geomorphologic surveys are presented. Landslide mechanism and triggering factors are analysed for the most important mass movement, which occurred during the January 9-11, 1997, regional event. On January 10, 1997, at about 8:15 PM, a rainfall-induced debris slide-debris flow occurred at Pozzano (province of Naples), mainly affecting the 79 AD pyroclastic products. Following a J-path, the landslide destroyed a private house and invaded the State Road no. 145. This event resulted in four deaths, 22 persons injured and road closure for about 2 months. There was less than 200 mm of rainfall in the 72-h period prior to the landslide, although intense precipitation had occurred during a preceding 4-month period. However, the slope failure event was not preceded by an extreme short-term antecedent rainfall, as already noticed in previous landslides of this type in Campania. Finally, following a preliminary geotechnical characterization of volcaniclastic soils, a slope-stability back analysis was carried out, which adopted the classical infinite slope scheme. This analysis gave further evidence of the role played by pore pressure in reducing the overall shear strength of pyroclastic soils.  相似文献   

Investigation of rock-to-water release and fate of major,minor, and trace elements in the metabasalt–serpentinite shallow aquifer of Mt. Reventino (CZ,Italy) by reaction path modelling     

Carmine Apollaro  Luigi Marini  Teresa Critelli  Donatella Barca  Andrea Bloise  Rosanna De Rosa  Francesca Liberi  Domenico Miriello 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(9-10):1722-1740

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Centroid-moment tensor solutions for 113 large earthquakes in 1977–1980     

Domenico Giardini  Adam M. Dziewonski  John H. Woodhouse 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1985,40(4):259-272

The Centroid-Moment Tensor technique is applied to 113 large earthquakes of the period 1977–1980, including all the shallow events with magnitude m_b, M_s or M_L 6.5. We use digital data recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA) networks. Solutions are determined for three sequences of events close in time by inverting mantle wave data simultaneously for multiple sources.  相似文献   

3D geoelectric tomography and archaeological applications1     

Paolo Mauriello  Dario Monna  Domenico Patella 《Geophysical Prospecting》1998,46(5):543-570

Following a previous paper in which the principles of a 3D ground-surface tomographic processing of self-potential data were established, we extend the method to active source geoelectric surveying. The main purpose of the new tomographic approach is to obtain a physical image reconstruction of the induced electric charges distributed over buried resistivity discontinuities. The information is produced in a probabilistic sense, as the mathematical formulation underlying the method treats only the intrinsic physical nature of the generated electric field underground and the method of its ground-surface detection, independently of the geometry of the unknown structures. In practice, a 3D tomography is realized by cross-correlating a set of distributed electric-field ground-surface data with a scanning function, representing a unit positive point charge located anywhere in the lower half-space. The resolution of the method is tested on the synthetic response of a 3D structural simulation of an archaeological target, consisting of an infinitely resistive prismatic body immersed in a half-space, including surface inhomogeneities and layering. Finally, the field response of a 3D structure consisting of a hypogeal dromos-chamber tomb inside the Sabine Necropolis at Colle del Forno, close to Rome, is presented and discussed.  相似文献   

La carta magnetica d'Italia della componente orizzontale al 1940,0 edita recentemente dall'Istituto Geografico Militare     

Prof. Dr. Domenico Digiesi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1942,4(1):67-81

Riassunto L'A., dopo aver brevemente esposto il metodo pratico di misura seguito nelle determinazioni della componente orizzontale del campo magnetico terrestre, riporta un esempio di osservazione ed i valori ottenuti nelle stazioni fondamentali della rete nazionale. Tratta poi della carta italiana delle isodinamiche al 1940,0 pubblicata recentemente dall'Istituto Geografico Militare di cui allega copia alla scala ridotta di 1:4.000.000, pone in rilievo le isodinamiche di particolare andamento anomalo ed accenna infine ai primi lavori di raffittimento magnetometrico posti in programma.

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Zusammenfassung Nachdem der Verfasser kurz das Verfahren besprochen hat, welches zur praktischen Bestimmung der horizontalen Komponente des erdmagnetischen Feldes führt, bringt er ein Beobachtungsbeispiel und die an den Grundstationen des italienischen Netzes erhaltenen Werte. Dann erläutert er die Karte der isodynamischen Linien von Italien für die Epoche 1940,0 die vor kurzem vom Istituto Geografico Militare veröffentlicht und hier in reduziertem Massstab von 1:4.000.000 wiedergegeben worden ist. Es folgen Betrachtungen über die betreffenden Anomalien, sowie über einen Plan zur Abdichtung der erdmagnetischen Stationen in einigen Zonen.

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La carta magnetica della Libia recentemente compilata dall'Istituto Geografico Militare     

Dott. Domenico Digiesi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1941,3(1):45-51

Riassunto L'A., richiamate alcune notizie sull'importante rilevamento geomagnetico eseguito nel quinquennio 1932–37 in Italia dall'Istituto Geografico Militare, tratta di quello effettuato recentemente dallo stesso Istituto in Libia negli anni 1938–40, illustrando come è stata compilata la relavita carta delle isogone al 1° gennaio 1941, della quale allega copia. Da tale rilievo risultano zone particolarmente anomale a sud di Tripoli.

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Zusammenfassung Anknüpfend an die geomagnetische Aufnahme Italiens welche in den Jahren 1932–37 vom Istituto Geografico Militare durchgeführt wurde, beschreibt der Verf. die Entwicklungen der geomagnetischen Vermessungsarbeiten in Lybien die in den folgenden Jahren 1938–40 dasselbe Institut gemacht hat. Die betreffenden Ergebnisse sind in einer Isogonen-Karte dargestellt, welche zu den 1. Januar 1941 sich bezieht. Daraus lässt sich u. a. zeigen, dass südlich von Tripoli besonders starke Anomalien auftreten.

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The occurrence and significance of Pleistocene and Upper Pliocene sapropels in the Tyrrhenian Sea     

Kay-Christian Emeis  Angelo Camerlenghi  Judith A. McKenzie  Domenico Rio  Rodolfo Sprovieri 《Marine Geology》1991,100(1-4):155-182

Numerous sapropels and sapropelic strata from Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene hemipelagic sediments of the Tyrrhenian Sea show that intermittent anoxia, possibly related to strongly increased biological productivity, was not restricted to the eastern Mediterranean basins and may be a basin-wide result of Late Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic variability. Even though the sapropel assemblage of the Tyrrhenian Sea clearly originates from multiple processes such as deposition under anoxic conditions or during spikes in surface water productivity and lateral transport of organic-rich suspensates, many “pelagic sapropels” have been recognized. Stratigraphic ages calculated for the organic-rich strata recovered during ODP Leg 107 indicate that the frequency of sapropel formation increased from the lowermost Pleistocene to the base of the Jaramillo magnetic event, coinciding with a period when stable isotope records of planktonic foraminifera indicate the onset of climatic cooling in the Mediterranean. A second, very pronounced peak in sapropel formation occurred in the Middle to Late Pleistocene (0.73-0.26 Ma). Formainifers studied in three high-resolution sample sets suggest that changes in surface-water temperature may have been responsible for establishing anoxic conditions, while salinity differences were not noted in the faunal assemblage. However, comparison of sapropel occurrence at Site 653 with the oxygen isotopic record of planktonic foraminifers established by Thunell et al. (Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 107, 1990) indicates that sapropel occurrences coincide with negative δ¹⁸O excursions in planktonic foraminifers in thirteen of eighteen sapropels recognized in Hole 653A. A variant of the meltwater hypothesis accepted for sapropel formation in the Late Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean may thus be the cause of several “anoxic events” in the Tyrrhenian as well. Model calculations indicate that the amount of oxygen advection from Western Mediterranean Deep Water exerts the dominant control on the oxygen content in deep water of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Inhibition of deep-water formation in the northern Adriatic and the Balearic Basin by increased meltwater discharge and changing storm patterns during climatic amelioration may thus be responsible for sapropel formation in the Tyrrhenian Sea.  相似文献   

Sedimentary evidence for late Messinian uplift of the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau: Adana Basin,southern Turkey          下载免费PDF全文

Giuditta Radeff  Taylor F. Schildgen  Domenico Cosentino  Manfred R. Strecker  Paola Cipollari  Güldemin Darbaş  Kemal Gürbüz 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):488-514

The Adana Basin of southern Turkey, located at the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau in the vicinity of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone, is ideally suited to record Neogene and Quaternary topographic and tectonic changes in the easternmost Mediterranean realm. On the basis of our correlation of 34 seismic reflection profiles with corresponding exposed units along the margins of the Adana Basin, we identify and characterize the seismic facies that corresponds to the upper part of the Messinian Handere Formation (ca. 5.45 to 5.33 Ma), which consists mainly of fluvial conglomerates and marls. The seismic reflection profiles indicate that ca. 1100 km³ of the Handere Formation upper sub‐unit is distributed over ca. 3000 km², reflecting local sedimentation rates of up to 12.5 mm year^?1. This indicates a major increase in both sediment supply and subsidence rates at ca. 5.45 Ma. Our provenance analysis of the Handere Formation upper sub‐unit based on clast counting and palaeocurrent measurements reveals that most of the sediment is derived from the Taurus Mountains at the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau and regions farther north. A comparison of these results with the composition of recent fluvial conglomerates and the present‐day drainage basins indicates major changes between late Messinian and present‐day source areas. We suggest that these changes in drainage patterns and lithological characteristics result from uplift and ensuing erosion of the SE margin of the plateau. We interpret the tectonic evolution of the southern flank of the Anatolian Plateau and the coeval subsidence and sedimentation in the Adana Basin to be related to deep lithospheric processes, particularly lithospheric delamination and slab break‐off.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional cross‐strata transition in the lower Pleistocene Catanzaro tidal strait transgressive succession (southern Italy)     

Sergio G. Longhitano  Domenico Chiarella  Francesco Muto 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2136-2171

Sandstone tidal cross‐strata are the predominant sedimentary feature of strait‐fill stratigraphic successions. However, although widely described in numerous studies, tidal strait‐fill two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cross‐strata have rarely been reported to occur in discrete intervals which are laterally adjacent or vertically stacked, and the meaning of this stratigraphic architecture has not yet been fully investigated. Understanding of the processes responsible for changes in the internal features of modern and ancient tidal bedforms is essential in order to predict lateral and vertical heterogeneities in analogous reservoir strata. This facies‐based study aims to interpret the three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional cross‐strata transition observed in the lower Pleistocene mixed siliciclastic/bioclastic sandstone filling the Catanzaro Strait, in southern Italy, during a continuous phase of tectonically driven marine transgression. Tidal cross‐strata disappear in the uppermost interval of the studied succession, where mudstone strata prevail. This stratigraphic trend is interpreted as the evidence of an important change in the tidal strait hydrodynamics due to a phase of relative sea‐level rise. At the beginning of the transgression, three‐dimensional tidal dunes migrated throughout the ca 3 to 4 km wide and ca 30 km long, WNW–ESE‐oriented Catanzaro Strait, due to strong tidal currents amplified through the seaway and flowing in semi‐diurnal phase opposition. As the intermediate phase of transgression enlarged the seaway width, the tidal current strength decreased as tidal water exchange occurred over a larger cross‐sectional area. The progressive reduction of the bed shear stress modified three‐dimensional tidal dunes into an extensive two‐dimensional bedform field. At the end of the transgression, the further widening of the Catanzaro Strait into a ca 10 to 12 km wide marine passageway changed the tidally dominated strait into a non‐tidal open shelf. The results of this research suggest the presence of a ‘critical cross‐sectional area’ in the narrowest strait‐centre zone which controls the activation and deactivation of tidal current amplification along a marine seaway.  相似文献   

Event Scenario Analysis for the Design of Rockslide Countermeasures   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GIGLI Giovanni  INTRIERI Emanuele  LOMBARDI Luca  NOCENTINI Massimiliano  FRODELLA William  BALDUCCI Marco  VENANTI Luca Domenico  CASAGLI Nicola 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1521-1530

The Torgiovannetto quarry（Assisi municipality,central Italy） is an example of a site where the natural equilibrium was altered by human activity,causing current slope instability phenomena which threaten two roadways important for the local transportation.The quarry front,having a height of about 140 m,is affected by a 182,000 m3 rockslide developed in intensely fractured limestone and is too large to be stabilized.In 2003 some tension cracks were detected in the vegetated area above the quarry upper sector.From then on,several monitoring campaigns were carried out by means of different instrumentations（topographic total station,extensometers,inclinometers,ground-based interferometric radar,laser scanner and infrared thermal camera）,allowing researchers to accurately define the landslide area and volume.The latter’s major displacements are localized in the eastern sector.The deformational field appears to be related to the seasonal rainfall.The landslide hazard associated with the worst case scenario was evaluated in terms of magnitude,intensity and triggering mechanism.For the definition of the possible runout process the DAN 3D code was employed.The simulation results were used in order to design and construct a retaining embankment.Furthermore,in order to preserve both the safety of the personnelinvolved in its realization and of the roadways users,an early warning system was implemented.The early warning system is based on daily-averaged displacement velocity thresholds.The alarm level is reached if the prediction based on the methods of Saito（1969） and Fukuzono（1985） forecasts an imminent rupture.  相似文献